Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy. Working of hydroelectric power plant linkedin slideshare. Hydraulic engineering is based on the principles of fluid mechanics, although many empirical. It wasnt until the oil shocks of the 1970s that people showed a renewed interest in hydropower.
In 2012, hydroelectric power plants contributed about 16% of total electricity generation of the world. You need good water flow for the hydro plant to work. Hydroelectric power and working principle it is the power generated by water, using its gravitational force when it is flowing or falling. Hydro electric power plant project all about power plant. Water is diverted from a stream into a pipeline, where it is carried downhill and through the turbine flow. Hydroelectric dam 1 dam the dam is the most important component of hydroelectric power plant. The turbine drives the alternator coupled with it and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Design and installation of a mini hydro electric power plant. Advantages of hydro electric power generation over thermal power generation are. Nov 25, 2017 hydro and wind power generation plants 7. Six important components of hydroelectric power plants. Fluid the system will use an electrically conductive fluid sacs to hold the fluid one sac is placed in the heel and another in the toe section of the shoe conduits conduits connect each sac to a microgenerator turbine as water moves back and forth in the sole, it moves the blades of a tiny turbine microgenerator the generator is located between the two fluidfilled sacs, and. Objectives after studying this unit, you should be able to understand the concept of power plant, understand the types of power plants, know the types of fuels.
In simple words, falling water spins the water turbine. A qualification which will develop high level specialist skills required to deal with specific challenges faced by those working in, or entering, the. Designed for heads between 30 m to m, hpp pelton runners can achieve more than 91,5% of efficiency. Today, rivers and streams are redirected through hydro generators to. High head power plant medium head power plant low head power plant. Moving a grind stone for milling first, developed into the driving of an electrical generator. Preparation of operation and maintenance manual for civil engineering works. The stipulated life of hydro electric plant even according to electricity supply act is 35 years while that of thermal plant is 25. Advantages and disadvantages of a thermal power plant. Small hydro is the development of hydroelectric power on a scale serving a small community or industrial plant. Overview of the power plant industry power plant systems analysis power plant boilers systems engineering mechanical behaviour of materials leadership in a technical environment. The use of hydropower can make a contribution to savings on exhaustible energy sources. Next to steam it was for long the main power source for electricity.
Often, this reservoir is used as a recreational lake, such as lake roosevelt at the grand coulee dam in washington state intake gates on the dam open and gravity pulls the water through the penstock, a pipeline that leads to the turbine. The cost of generation of ener gy after four decades. Working principle of hydroelectric power plant your. A hydraulic turbine converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. Download power plant layout arrangement free files. The moving water rotates the wheel or turbine, which spins. A thermal power plant works on the principle of rankine cycle 1. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow.
Apr 10, 2015 hydroelectric power and working principle it is the power generated by water, using its gravitational force when it is flowing or falling. Hydro dams it is easier to build a hydropower plant where there is a natural waterfall. Hydro power generation hydro power is generated by using electricity generators to extract energy from moving water. At the end, there is a turbine and the water spins it, which moves the shaft, that moves the generator, making. Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower. All hpp pelton runners are made by forging and full cnc machining. The basic principle of hydropower is that, if water is piped from a certain level to a lower level, the resulting water pressure can be used to do work. And its one of the oldest and cheapest renewable energy sources used for producing energy, and also used for irrigation and operation of various mechanical devices like gristmill, textile. Estimation of the water flow rate the water flow rate q can be estimated in different ways but a more suitable method could be measuring. Optimized operation of hydroelectric power plants youtube. Hydro power is probably the first form of automated power production which is not human animal driven.
Pdf introduction energy is a critical factor in developing countries for economic growth as well as. Hydropower generation hydro power is generated by using electricity generators to extract energy from moving water. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. In case of high flow rates and relatively low hydraulic heads, it becomes impossible to. Pdf me6701 power plant engineering ppe books, lecture. And its one of the oldest and cheapest renewable energy sources used for producing energy, and also used for irrigation and operation of various mechanical devices like gristmill, textile mills, domestic lifts, trip hammers and dock cranes. The moving water rotates the wheel or turbine, which spins a shaft. This steam is used to run the steam turbine to produce electricity. Figure 1 shows the main components of a runoftheriver micro hydro scheme. There is a high pressure turbine at one end, followed by an intermediate pressure turbine, two low pressure turbines, and the generator. Download link is provided and students can download the anna university me6701 power plant engineering ppe syllabus question bank lecture notes syllabus part a 2 marks with answers part b 16 marks question bank with answer, all the materials are listed below for the students to make use of it and score good maximum marks with our study materials.
The water flowing in the river possesses two type of energy. The thermal power plant uses oil, coal or gas while. The stipulated life of hydro electric plant even according to electricity supply act is 35 years while that of thermal plant is 25 years. Hydroelectric powerplants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other powerplants may. In a hydro power plant, water head is created by building a dam across a river or lake. This turbine rotates when the following water strikes the turbine blades. Hydroelectric power comes from water at work, water in motion. Ddepending on the water amount that should be dammed this could take even a year or so. Design and installation of a mini hydro electric power plant article pdf available. First, the water is filled into the boiler to fill the entire surfac. In hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilised to rotate a turbine to produce electricity. Aug 09, 2016 steam power plant construction,working, advantages and disadvantages with diagram august 9, 2016 april 23, 2018 pankaj mishra 6 comments power plant, thermal engineering, thermodynamic the steam power plant is the important source to produce the electricity.
Its continual availability does not require any power storage unlike wind. Soon they began to underprice the smaller hydroelectric plants. Both use their fuel to convert water into steam in boilers steam generator. The theory is to build a dam on a large river that has a large drop in elevation there are not many hydroelectric plants in kansas or florida. Darcy and weisbach, applying the principle of conservation of mass to a certain volume of fluid in a. In most hydroelectric power plants there is more than one power generation unit. Components of hydroelectric power plant there are eight important components of the hydroelectric power plant.
Ppt hydro electric power plant powerpoint presentation. The turbine generator consists of a series of steam turbines interconnected to each other and a generator on a common shaft. The steam is kept on heating till it becomes superheated. Dec 05, 2015 working principle of hydroelectric power plant is depends on. This difference in height, also known as the head of water, decides the total amount of power that can be generated in the hydroelectric power plant. The difference between a thermal power plant and nuclear power plant is fuel. A steam can only attain a particular temperature at a particular pressure.
Hydro power plant construction working and history of. The water turbine changes the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy at the turbine shaft. Steam power plant construction,working, advantages and. For efficient operation of hydropower plants, in order to meet the electricity demand, the hydro energy is. The first power plants used hydroelectric power and coal power. In a nuclear power plant, nuclear fuel is used such as uranium u 235. The dam is built on a large river that has abundant quantity of water throughout the year. The worlds hydropower plants output a combined total of 675,000 megawatts, the energy equivalent of 3. The vertical drop head creates pressure at the bottom end of the pipeline. Today, rivers and streams are redirected through hydro generators to produce energy, although there are pros and. In a hydro power plant, potential energy of the water is first converted to equivalent amount of kinetic energy.
Power systems that generate power of 500 kw or higher are usually supplemented with stepup transformers for further connection to the grid. In hydroelectric power plants or dams potential energy of water is utilized to generate electricity. This type of scheme requires no water storage but instead diverts some of the water from the river which is channelled along the side of a valley before being dropped into the turbine via a penstock. Each 600 kwh of electricity generated with a hydro plant is equivalent to 1 barrel of oil assuming an efficiency of 38 % for the conversion of oil into electricity. Gates, trashracks, trashracks cleaners and cranes are part of hpp knowhow. The basic principle of hydropower is that, if water is piped from a certain level to a lower level, the. Estimation of the water flow rate the water flow rate q can be estimated in different ways but a. Water is moved from a higher elevation point to a lower elevation point through a large pipe.
A hydro electric plant installed at the suitable location should be connected threw the rail and road facilities so that row material and heavy machinery can be transfer at the suitable location very easily it is also a important factor for selecting the suitably location for hydroelectric plant. Generation of electricity by hydropower potential energy in stored water is one of the cleanest methods of producing electric power. The operation of a generator is based on the principles discovered by faraday. The dam will only work if the water reached a level almost at the dam height imagine that the hole the water can flow through is nearly at the top of the dam. The definition of a small hydro project varies but a generating capacity of up to 10 megawatts mw is generally accepted as the upper limit of what can be termed small hydro. Principal of hydro power plant the objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the turbine termed the head, into electrical energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse is located. This paper presents the principle of this energy resource and discusses some case studies, in particular. Dec 30, 2018 hydro power plant construction working and history of hydro power plant december 30, 2018 february 24, 2012 by electrical4u in hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilised to rotate a turbine to produce electricity. Hydroelectric power plant definition, working diagram, advantages.
Most continents are working to build transmission lines between countries and to pool power. Nuclear power plant working animation there are thus two entirely separate closed circulating water loops. For thermal power plant there is a factor called plant load factor plf, so if a plant has installed capacity of 100 and it rums with plf of 90% it will produce 90mwh of instantaneous power. As to how this generator works, the corps of engineers explains it this way. Dam most hydropower plants rely on a dam that holds back water, creating a large reservoir. Hydroelectric power plants are generally located in hilly areas where dams can be built easily and large water reservoirs can be made. Shortterm optimal operation of baluchaung ii hydropower plant in. Industrial processes for fuel production and electricity generation from biomass 9.
A practical thermal plant possess more complicated design and multiple stages of turbine such as high pressure turbine hpt, intermediate pressure turbine ipt and low pressure turbine lpt. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this nations electric power industry. What is the working principle of a steam power plant. Objectives after studying this unit, you should be able to understand the concept of power plant, understand the types of power plants, know the types of fuels, and describes the main components of power plants. Main parts of a thermal power plant working plant layout pdf.
Guide on how to develop a small hydropower plant energiatalgud. There are more than 2,000 hydropower plants operating in the united states, making. These dedicated systems with back up manual control facility of turbine. Here is the layout of a steam power plant, working fluid cycle steam power plant is a closed cycle, which uses the same fluid repeatedly. Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with.
All these components and their working have been described below. A hydroelectric generator converts this mechanical energy into electricity. The steam at high temperature 536 c to 540 c and pressure 140 to 170 kgcm2. Hydraulic turbines if the working fluid is incompressible, its enthalpy. Often it just takes some time for the water to reach that level. Unit 1 introduction to power plants introduction to. Water builds up pressure as it flows through this pipe. Worldwide, hydropower plants produce about 24 percent of the worlds electricity and supply more than 1 billion people with power. Dams are built of concrete or stone work, earth or rock fill. For runoftheriver hydro projects, a portion of a rivers water is diverted to a channel, pipeline, or pressurized pipeline penstock that delivers it to a waterwheel or turbine.
The potential energy stored in the water at upper water level will release as kinetic energy when it falls to the lower water level. Power cell ppc will provide format for bank guarantee on receipt of the specified charges. Fundamentals thermochemical conversion processes 8. It is a flexible source of electricity and also the cost of electricity generation is relatively low. Pln, as the employer utilizes multi package type of contract on hydro electric power plant project, due to. Mar 10, 2015 if you placed your hydro plant in a location without strong water flow then you just wasted a bunch of money and created a lake. Power and energy power is the energy converted per second, i. Historically people used the power of rivers for agriculture and wheat grinding. Article includes hydroelectric power plantdefinition, working principle, diagram parts layout, advantage, disadvantage, application, pdf. In hydro electric plant, the cost of generation being free of fuel element. Their work helped ensure that the hydropower vision achieves not only breadth, but also depth in its. The guide discusses each step of a hydropower projectsite selection, plant design, permittinglicensing, financing, contracting and commissioning, and explains key issues and typical responses. Harvey, micro hydro design manual, a guide to small scale water power schemes. Accidently flooed part of my first city with the hydro plant.
Explain the principle on which hydro power plants work. Hydroelectric power plant definition, principle, usage. There is large difference in height between the level of turbine and level of water in the reservoir. These diesel power plants are based on the principle that the heat of compression causes. This was the basic working principle of a thermal power station and its typical components. This collaborative success on the water management level is amplified by a global trend for electricity interconnection between countries. Hydro power plant construction working and history of hydro.