Maryland council on economic education version of lesson given to msdelewis partnership 1 triangular trade and the middle passage lesson description. In europe, empires were struggling to have a sustainable work force present in the new wo. The story of the slave captain who saw the light quit his profession, and wrote the hymn amazing grace is included on the site. The middle passage is the passing of the african slaves coming to the colonies and was the second part of the triangular trade what were some conditions on the boat bad conditions on a slave ship.
The trading system was a general exchange of manufactured goods, labour, and raw materials through shipments crossing the atlantic. Moreover, we examined the impact of laws that were instituted and enforced by slave owners to. The trade started around the early 1500s, and by 1654 about 8,00010,000 slaves were being imported from africa to the americas every year. Triangular trade, the middle passage flashcards quizlet.
Set in 1830, it presents a personal and historical perspective of the illegal slave trade in the united states, telling the story of rutherford calhoun, a freed slave who unknowingly boards a slave ship bound for africa in order to escape a forced marriage. Slave ships usually took between six and eleven weeks to complete the voyage. Middle passage 1990 is a historical novel by charles r. Review for colonies, triangular trade, and middle passage. What part of the triangular trade was the middle passage. One day he decides that he wants to play a sneaky trick on square.
The triangular trade and the middle passage nbc news, new york, ny. The voyage that brought captured africans to the west indies and later to north and south america was known as the middle passage. Soon, the triangle trade became known as the slave trade in the south. Cramped, hygiene is very poor, no showers, no bathrooms. List of books and articles about middle passage online. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Jun 03, 2012 the middle passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from africa were shipped to the new world, as part of the atlantic slave trade.
The atlantic slave trade had three different parts. Millions of africans were packed tightly onto ships bound for the americas. The slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and its middle passage, and existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. My triangle trade middle passage powerpoint notes were compiled after having had many years working not only in colonial history but also african american history. Slaves of caribbean sugar plantations produced molasses that was transported to new. Roughly 15% of enslaved people didnt survive the middle passage. Middle passage definition, conditions, significance. This anthology of primary and secondary sources covers the slave trade and its abolition. Have students read tom feelings book the middle passage, including the introduction. Most went from africa to the west indies, where they were trade for molasses. It was considered the middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle. But the base of the triangle, the socalled middle passage from africa to the new world with a black cargo, was the most profitable part of the voyage, at the highest cost in human suffering.
It was an extremely hard voyage for them and many died along the way. The lost temple mount the real location of solomons temple in the city of david, jerusalem duration. Triangular trade involves one trader exchanging commodities for a second commodity he can in turn trade with a second partner. Slaves were moved on the middle passage of the triangular trade route. The middle passage of the triangular trade was the when millions of people were taken from africa and taken to the new world as part of the atlantic slave trade.
A sixyear correspondence between timothy fitch, a medford resident, and an employee of fitch named peter gwinn. Plantation agricultureand sugar in particular drove the african diaspora. The middle passage was the second leg of the triangular slave trade that went from europe to africa, africa to the americas, and then back to europe. The middle passage refers to the part of the trade where africans, densely packed onto ships, were transported across the atlantic to the west indies. Click here for a great selection of books about the middle passage. Johnson about the final voyage of an illegal american slave ship. Triangular trade and the middle passage flashcards quizlet. Start studying triangular trade, the middle passage. It was considered the middle leg of the transatlantic slave trade.
The first section the outward passage was from europe to africa. Complete lesson on the triangular trade and middle passage, designed for key stage 3. This topic in black slavery history is important to know about to truly understand the cruelty involved in the atlantic slave trade. Triangle trade grade 5, background, lesson plans, classroom activities. These winds made it possible and necessary to sail in a triangle between north america, europe, and africa. The europeans would go to slave posts on the coasts of africa. The sick werent given food and so they died not only from sickness but also from starvation. Ships brought weapons, gunpowder, cloth, rum, and manufactured goods from.
The most renowned and infamous was that of the slave trade that was conducted from the 16 th to early 19 th centuries that involved carrying goods from europe to africa to caribbean or american colonies and back to europe. The triangle trade is explained very clearly with a map. Triangular trade, middle passage, slaves, slavery, africa, commerce, merchants, goods, new england, caribbean, sugar, rum, cargo, colonial america. A forced journey middle passage was the voyage in which africans were brought from africa west indies north and south america considered the middle leg of the triangular trade triangular trade map the.
Middle passage simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The slave trade handouts, background the triangular trade vrml free presentations about slavery in america. Traders from the americas and caribbean received the enslaved africans. The term middle passage refers to that middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle in which millions of africans were imprisoned, enslaved, and removed from their homelands. Between 1505 and 1888, approximately 12 million africans were enslaved and transported to the new world for profit. The slaves were then brought to the west indies or to the colonies of north or south america, where they were traded for agricultural staples for the return voyage. This process was accomplished through the triangular trade, or what many know as the transatlantic slave trade. Summarize the first leg, middle passage, and third leg of the triangular trade and what was traded at each of these points recall how long this trade lasted to unlock this lesson you must be a. Africa, in result was affected by this tragedy with depopulation and violence. It was one leg of the triangular trade route that took goods from europe to africa, africans to work as slaves in the americas and the west indies, and items produced on the plantations back to europe. Between 30 and 60 million africans made the trip from africa to america in this way, many of them dying during from the long journey and horrible conditions. A single voyage on the middle passage was a large financial undertaking that was generally organized by companies or groups of investors rather than individuals. Professor karen ordahl kupperman new york university. The difference between the triangular trade and the atlantic circuit the triangular trade was the trade of slaves to the americas, raw materials such as tobacco, cotton, coffee, sugar, etc to europe for manufacturing, and manufactured goods to africa.
The middle passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of africans were forcibly transported to the new world as part of the atlantic slave trade. But it all, everything depended on what cargo you could pick. Its a long walk to his house, past lots of shapes, and nonshapes, until he reachs squares house, with his square door, living in the square. Triangle triangular trademiddle passage powerpoint notes. The voyage from africa to the new world of the americas was called the middle passage. Home middle passage life of a slave timeline of events video bibliography the middle passage. Apr 26, 2018 in the 1560s, sir john hawkins pioneered the way for the slave triangle that would take place between england, africa, and north america. The middle passage got its name because it was the middle part of the triangular trade. In this activity you will read information and view a video clip about the system of triangular trade and the experience of the middle passage.
A triangular trade system is a process whereby trade is carried on between three countries, ports or regions. The middle passage the triangular trade bbc bitesize. Triangular trade and the middle passage web research activity students, please read and follow the directions for each step as listed below. The middle passage the middle passage refers to the leg of the triangle trade where european merchant vessels would carry slaves from africa to the americas and exchange them for raw materials. The middle passage the atlantic crossing from africa. Klein has often emphasised that in many fields cost of trade, ways of transport, mortality levels, earnings and benefits of trade for the europeans and the socalled triangular trade, the nonscientific literature has created a. In this lesson students will locate and label the triangular trade on a map of the atlantic ocean. Who are the key players, what are the reasons for africans to be used for as slave labor, when is the events of the transatlantic slave trade occurring, where are slaves being sent to and why, and how does the transatlantic slave trade impact the world. The middle passage its impact on life in africa knowledge k africans were brought over from africa via the middle passage. In new england, colonists used molasses to make rum. Millions of african people were shipped to the americas over the middle passage.
Epidemics reduced the native population by 50% 90%. The most common routes formed what is now known as the triangle trade connecting europe, africa, and the americas. This is a single four page unit from reading through history documenting the triangular trade route and middle passage of the slave trade which existed from the 16th to the 19th century. This lesson provides opportunities for students to read about the triangular trade route, share findings about various legs of the journey as well as work with. These take readers back to life in africa before and during the slave trade, describe the horrors of that trade and the sea passage to america, and move along through the civil war and reconstruction. The first leg of the journey was from the north or south american caribbean colonies to england. Jul, 2015 22 revelations mark of the beast exposed revelations ancient discoveries duration. The middle passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from africa were shipped to the new world, as part of the atlantic slave trade. British merchants completed the triangle of human misery by trading rum for more slaves. The medford slave trade letters 17591765 the medford slave letters as we have called them are a series of letters spanning between the january of 1759 and october of 1765. This middle passage was a harsh way of transferring slaves from africa to the new world. Start studying triangular trade and the middle passage. The middle passage was the crossing from africa to the americas, which the ships made carrying their cargo of slaves.
In the 1560s, sir john hawkins pioneered the way for the slave triangle that would take place between england, africa, and north america. Triangular trade refers to the shipping routes that connected africa, the west indies, and north america in the transatlantic commerce of slaves and manufactured goods. It was socalled because it was the middle section of the trade route taken by many of the ships. So, if you left new england, say, with a load of fish, you might go to spain and sell your fish in spain. Free presentations in powerpoint format for american history. List of books and articles about slave trade online. By the 1780s, about 97,000 slaves a year were being sent to the americas on more than 800 slave ships. Hyperlinked videos are included throughout, as are a number of activities for students to engage with. Whats the difference between the triangular trade and the. The 17th and 18th centuries brought upon new methods of trading due to an increase in technology and navigation but most importantly due to a new found demand for labor. The triangular trade is a trade model, not an exact description of the ships route. Let us see what happened in the passage during the flush days of the slave trade.
In african ports, european traders packed africans into the dark holds of large ships. The triangular trade and the middle passage by reading. The middle passage was the part of the atlantic slave trade where african enslaved people were brought to the americas on slave ships. The triangular trade the slave trade brought vast wealth to british ports and merchants but conditions were horrific.
Specifically, our aim was to address how slaves in the middle passage of the triangular slave trade were treated, how they sustained themselves, and how they instigated wars and used other means of disobedience to facilitate the abolishment of slavery. Compelling firsthand accounts and primary source u. There is a one page reading followed by three pages of student activities. Five additional titles will carry the history up to the present day. The transatlantic slave trade began around 1518 and ended sometime after the 1870s. The middle passage refers to the leg of the triangle trade where european merchant vessels would carry slaves from africa to the americas and exchange them for raw materials. The enslaved africans were then sold or traded as commodities for raw materials, which would be transported back to europe to complete the triangular trade. The triangular trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the trading of goods during the 16th19th century between europe, africa, and the americas. Middle passage, the forced voyage of enslaved africans across the atlantic ocean to the new world. The middle passage or transatlantic slave trade was a voyage that took slaves from africa to the americas via tightly packed ships. Whats the difference between the middle passage and the.
The middle passagethe voyage that brought captured africans to the west indies and later to north and south america was known as the middle passage. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. The increased demand means more work force on the plantations. Which of the following best describes the middle passage. If you look at a map, you can see how this forms a triangle. The slaves lived in close quarters and most likely they were given food rationings. The middle passage of the triangular trade refers to the transportation of the slaves to america. The middle passage an amazing journey through the middle passage with beautiful artwork depicting the horrible reality of the passage. During that time, it is estimated that 11 million slaves survived the middle passage to the americas, while many others died in transit palmer, 2002. I personally feel that these notes are a necessary component to any american history course when teaching about early colonial history o. Focus on the slave trade, article and worksheet attached. Because of this, it was called the triangular trade. Estimates of mortality during the middle passage vary, but. Ships departed europe for african markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped africans, who were transported across the atlantic as slaves.
In the 17th century, merchants traded for whatever commodity they could buy. This portion of the atlantic trade is infamous because of the extreme and disgusting conditions faced by the african slave cargo. While the origins of the slave trade from africa can be traced back to days of the roman empire, hawkins voyages were the first for england. Triangular trade in the atlantic ocean teachervision.
Countless slaves made this middle passage voyage from the 1600s through the beginning of the 1800s with many dying on the journey. The country would see slave trade flourish through more than 10,000 recorded. Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including middle passage in the triangular slave trade. A single ship was packed with slaves beyond its capacity, as a result of which they were subjected to terrible conditions on board, with minimal food and water. The triangular trade is a system of trade most closely associated with the transatlantic slave trade in the 16th through 19th century. The triangle trade free american history lesson plans. The atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved african people, mainly to the americas. Triangular trade apush questions will require you to know the three partners. The atlantic economy was tied into the idea of mercantilism, which thought it was a good idea for european countries to have a lot of colonies that traded only with them.
The middle passage is underway and over millions are slaves are brought to the new world 1739. The middle passage specific refers to the journey the africans slaves made from africa to the americas. The middle passage marked the epic journey from the slave coast to the new world. Need for workers in harvesting cash crops tobacco, cotton, sugar cane, indigo. Slave ships usually took between six and eleven weeks to. Triangle lives in a triangle house, with a triangular door, in a neighbourhood full of triangle. Historians talk about our changing understanding of the horrors of the slave trades middle passage from africa to america.
Read and analyze documents about the middle passage. The slaves were then packed into a boat and shackled down, they were barely fed. The journey of ships laden with slaves from africa was the second phase of the triangular trade, known as the middle passage. Use this lesson plan to guide students through the three legs of the route, then evaluate historical significance. The middle passage and the triangular trade youtube. The enslaved people were treated so badly on the slave ships that about 15% of them died during the middle passage.
Definition of the triangle trade rum and slave trade. The middle passage and the triangular trade the middle passage. Teaching students about the triangular trade route can get sticky. The triangle trade route was the most cost effective way that the english government could find to move goods with total control. Three angels broadcasting network 3abn recommended for you. As the colonies developed in the south, cheap slave labor was needed to produce cotton and other labor intensive crops. It marked the struggles and challenges of the people as they entered slavery, the new. The trading system was a general exchange of manufactured goods, labour, and. Following this activity they will divide into three groups. A trade route whose legs formed a triangle from the colonies, to africa, then to the west indies, and back to the colonies. Maryland state curriculum maryland council on economic. Triangular trade simple english wikipedia, the free. Love this site, but this is not a list on the african slave trade, it is a list of books about slavery.